In which areas did the 2nd phase of French colonialism primarily take place?

The second phase of French colonialism primarily took place in North and West Africa and Indochina due to several historical factors. Beginning in the late 19th century, this era of colonial expansion saw France establishing a significant presence in territories such as Algeria, which became one of its most important colonies. The French aimed to expand their empire for economic, political, and cultural reasons, often justifying their actions with a sense of civilizing mission.

In Indochina, which includes modern-day Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, France sought to control trade routes and exploit resources, leading to the establishment of French Indochina. This phase of colonialism was characterized by efforts to assimilate local populations into French culture and exploit the regions for agricultural and mineral resources.

The focus on North and West Africa and Indochina distinguishes this phase as one where France not only expanded its territorial claims but also engaged deeply with local systems and cultures, reflecting the dynamics of power and resistance that defined the colonial experience during this period.