The shift from subsistence to commercial farming is referred to as:

The transition from subsistence farming, where communities grow food primarily for their own consumption, to commercial farming, which focuses on the production of crops for sale in markets, is best described as agricultural development. This term encompasses the improvements and advancements in agricultural practices and economies that lead to increased productivity, the introduction of new technologies, and the integration of farming into larger market systems.

Agricultural development focuses not just on the method of farming but also on the economic and social implications of these changes. It reflects a broader process in which agriculture evolves to meet market demands and global economic trends, transforming farming practices and affecting local communities. This process often accompanies changes in land use, labor dynamics, and economic relationships, making it a multidimensional concept in cultural anthropology.

The other terms mentioned do not accurately capture this specific transition. For instance, agricultural transition generally refers to the shift from one agricultural method to another, but may not specifically emphasize the commercial aspect. Agricultural retrogression could imply a regression rather than advancement, suggesting a return to less developed practices. Agricultural reformation could imply a structured change or reform with specific policies, but it does not necessarily communicate the broader economic transition from subsistence to commercial practices.