What best describes "hard powers" in social contexts?

"Hard powers" refer to the use of force, whether military or coercive, to achieve one’s objectives within social or political contexts. This concept is grounded in the understanding that power can manifest through tangible means of compulsion, such as the deployment of armed forces or the implementation of punitive measures. In social contexts, hard power can manifest through authoritative structures that impose laws, regulations, or sanctions to control behavior or manage conflicts.

The distinction between hard power and other forms of influence is critical; while persuasive communication, soft negotiations, and social movements can effectively change behaviors or persuade individuals, they rely on softer, more indirect approaches. Hard power, conversely, emphasizes control and direct action, making it a significant and often contentious component of power dynamics in society.