What describes the modern world system?

The modern world system is characterized by the economic and political interdependence of nations. This interdependence means that countries rely on each other for trade, resources, and political alliances. In contemporary globalization, nations are deeply interconnected through supply chains, international agreements, and economic policies.

For instance, changes in one country's economy can have significant ripple effects on others due to trade relationships and financial markets. This interdependence fosters cooperation as well as competition among nations, highlighting the complexity and interconnectedness of politics and economics on a global scale.

The other descriptions do not accurately reflect the dynamics of the modern world. Economic and political independence suggests that nations operate in isolation, while a barter system implies a lack of the sophisticated currency-based economies that dominate today. Similarly, the idea that nations are completely isolated is not representative of the global interactions and relationships that are prevalent in the current era.