What does animism refer to in religious belief?

Animism refers to the belief that spirits inhabit all objects, both alive and dead. This worldview sees the natural world as imbued with spiritual essence, recognizing that not just humans and animals, but also plants, stones, rivers, and even man-made objects possess a life force or spirit. This belief system emphasizes the interconnectedness of all living and non-living entities, suggesting that they can interact and communicate with one another.

In the context of cultural anthropology, animism is significant as it reflects how different societies understand their relationships with the environment and their place within it. This belief often influences social practices, rituals, and the ethical treatment of nature, pointing to a holistic approach to life that acknowledges both material and spiritual dimensions of existence.

The other beliefs mentioned in the choices focus on different concepts, such as monotheism or impersonal forces, which do not capture the essence of how animism specifically recognizes the presence of spirits in all aspects of the world.