What was a characteristic of crowded cities resulting from the Industrial Revolution?

The characteristic of extreme pollution in crowded cities resulting from the Industrial Revolution is closely tied to the rapid industrialization and urbanization that took place during this period. As people migrated to urban areas in search of jobs in factories, the sheer number of industries set up in close proximity led to increased emissions of smoke, soot, and other pollutants. This was compounded by the reliance on coal as the primary energy source, releasing significant amounts of carbon and particulate matter into the air and water systems.

Additionally, the lack of effective waste management systems and the high population density contributed to poor living conditions, often leading to polluted environments. Urban centers became known for their filthy streets, contaminated water supplies, and widespread industrial waste, which drastically affected public health and living standards.

In comparison, sanitary living conditions and increased leisure activities were not typical of industrial cities at the time; rather, unsanitary conditions and limited leisure opportunities were common due to overpopulation and long working hours. While job creation was a direct result of industrialization, the negative consequences such as pollution overshadowed the benefits, defining the crowded urban landscapes of that era.