Which historical development increased Europe's demand for slaves during the 17th century?

The correct choice highlights the significant role of increased monoculture plantations in driving up the demand for slaves in 17th century Europe. During this period, European colonies in the Americas began to establish large-scale agricultural plantations focused on single cash crops, such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton. The nature of monoculture—where the same crop is cultivated on a large scale—required substantial labor to ensure profitability and efficient production.

These plantations relied heavily on enslaved labor, as the work was grueling and needed to be performed year-round, often in harsh conditions. The lucrative returns from these crops made the use of enslaved individuals an economically attractive option for plantation owners, thus leading to an escalation in the transatlantic slave trade to fulfill this labor demand. This aspect of agricultural economics directly tied to European colonial practices was a fundamental driver behind the increased demand for slaves during the 17th century.

Other options do not have the same direct connection to this historical context. The Industrial Revolution, though impactful in many ways, did not begin until the late 18th century and is more relevant to later shifts in labor dynamics. The rise of democracy primarily pertains to political changes rather than agricultural practices, while the expansion of the military may have influenced colonialism and